导语：因为工作需要，我们希望自动部署项目，jenkins是一个自动部署的开源软件，下面是在centos7上安装jenkins的全过程。由于jenkins需要openjdk,但服务器上前期安装了oracle的jdk，因此文章开头是先卸载oracle的jdk，然后在安装openjdk。
jdk准备:卸载oracle的jdk
查看JAVA jdk版本
java -version java version "1.8.0_181" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)
查看安装的oracle jdk，准备卸载
jenkins需要安装open jdk。
rpm -qa|grep jdk jdk1.8-1.8.0_181-fcs.x86_64
卸载oracle jdk
rpm -e --nodeps jdk1.8-1.8.0_181-fcs.x86_64
移除Oracle jdk的配置路径文件
vi /etc/profile
#java environment
#export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_181-amd64
#export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/rt.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/lib/dt.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar
#export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_HOME}/bin
执行命令让配置生效
source /etc/profile
查看PATH是否生效
echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
如果没有生效，那重启服务器好了。
查看服务器版本
cat /etc/redhat-release
安装openjdk
安装之前先查看一下有无系统自带jdk
rpm -qa |grep java rpm -qa |grep jdk rpm -qa |grep gcj
如果有就使用批量卸载命令
rpm -qa | grep java | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
安装java
安装最新版
yum -y install java
或者安装1.8版本
yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk* Installed: java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-accessibility.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-accessibility-debug.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-debug.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo-debug.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-debug.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-debug.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc-debug.noarch 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc-zip.noarch 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc-zip-debug.noarch 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-src-debug.x86_64 1:1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6 Dependency Installed: GConf2.x86_64 0:3.2.6-8.el7 atk.x86_64 0:2.28.1-1.el7 cairo.x86_64 0:1.15.12-3.el7 copy-jdk-configs.noarch 0:3.3-10.el7_5 dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.13.0-4.3.el7 fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 fribidi.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el7 gdk-pixbuf2.x86_64 0:2.36.12-3.el7 giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-9.el7 graphite2.x86_64 0:1.3.10-1.el7_3 gtk-update-icon-cache.x86_64 0:3.22.30-3.el7 gtk2.x86_64 0:2.24.31-1.el7 harfbuzz.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7 hicolor-icon-theme.noarch 0:0.12-7.el7 jasper-libs.x86_64 0:1.900.1-33.el7 java-atk-wrapper.x86_64 0:0.30.4-5.el7 javapackages-tools.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7 jbigkit-libs.x86_64 0:2.0-11.el7 libICE.x86_64 0:1.0.9-9.el7 libSM.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.el7 libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.5-2.el7 libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.5-2.el7 libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 libXcomposite.x86_64 0:0.4.4-4.1.el7 libXcursor.x86_64 0:1.1.15-1.el7 libXdamage.x86_64 0:1.1.4-4.1.el7 libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7 libXfixes.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7 libXft.x86_64 0:2.3.2-2.el7 libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.9-1.el7 libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7 libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7 libXrender.x86_64 0:0.9.10-1.el7 libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el7 libXv.x86_64 0:1.0.11-1.el7 libXxf86dga.x86_64 0:1.1.4-2.1.el7 libXxf86misc.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.1.el7 libXxf86vm.x86_64 0:1.1.4-1.el7 libdmx.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7 libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7 libglvnd.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libglvnd-egl.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libglvnd-glx.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-6.el7 libpng.x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 libthai.x86_64 0:0.1.14-9.el7 libtiff.x86_64 0:4.0.3-27.el7_3 libwayland-client.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7 libwayland-server.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7 libxcb.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7 libxshmfence.x86_64 0:1.2-1.el7 libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 lksctp-tools.x86_64 0:1.0.17-2.el7 mesa-libEGL.x86_64 0:18.0.5-4.el7_6 mesa-libGL.x86_64 0:18.0.5-4.el7_6 mesa-libgbm.x86_64 0:18.0.5-4.el7_6 mesa-libglapi.x86_64 0:18.0.5-4.el7_6 nss-pem.x86_64 0:1.0.3-5.el7_6.1 pango.x86_64 0:1.42.4-2.el7_6 pcsc-lite-libs.x86_64 0:1.8.8-8.el7 pixman.x86_64 0:0.34.0-1.el7 python-javapackages.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7 python-lxml.x86_64 0:3.2.1-4.el7 ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-42.el7 tzdata-java.noarch 0:2019b-1.el7 xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.5-21.el7 xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.5-9.el7 xorg-x11-utils.x86_64 0:7.5-23.el7 Dependency Updated: freetype.x86_64 0:2.8-12.el7_6.1 glib2.x86_64 0:2.56.1-4.el7_6 libdrm.x86_64 0:2.4.91-3.el7 nspr.x86_64 0:4.19.0-1.el7_5 nss.x86_64 0:3.36.0-7.1.el7_6 nss-softokn.x86_64 0:3.36.0-5.el7_5 nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 0:3.36.0-5.el7_5 nss-sysinit.x86_64 0:3.36.0-7.1.el7_6 nss-tools.x86_64 0:3.36.0-7.1.el7_6 nss-util.x86_64 0:3.36.0-1.1.el7_6 Complete!
查看版本
java -version openjdk version "1.8.0_222" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_222-b10) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.222-b10, mixed mode)
查看jdk安装情况
cd /usr/lib/jvm ll total 8 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Sep 8 16:09 java -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Sep 8 16:09 java-1.8.0 -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_1.8.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 40 Sep 8 16:09 java-1.8.0-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_1.8.0_openjdk drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:09 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6.x86_64 drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:09 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6.x86_64-debug lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 Sep 8 16:09 java-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_openjdk lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Sep 8 16:08 jre -> /etc/alternatives/jre lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Sep 8 16:08 jre-1.8.0 -> /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 Sep 8 16:08 jre-1.8.0-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0_openjdk lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 51 Sep 8 16:08 jre-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6.x86_64 -> java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6.x86_64/jre lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 57 Sep 8 16:08 jre-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6.x86_64-debug -> java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.222.b10-0.el7_6.x86_64-debug/jre lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Sep 8 16:08 jre-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/jre_openjdk
配置jdk运行环境
vi /etc/profile #set java environment export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
使得配置生效
这里和上面卸载oracle后配置生效使用的不同的命令，也可以使用上面的命令。
. /etc/profile
查看配置路径
echo $JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java
echo $CLASSPATH .:/usr/lib/jvm/java/jre/lib/rt.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java/lib/dt.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java/lib/tools.jar
开始安装jenkins
创建一个目录
cd ~ mkdir jenkins ll drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:34 jenkins cd jenkins
安装jenkins前准备
按照官网说的安装前先执行下面的命令，文章地址：https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo sudo rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io.key
下载一个安装配置文件
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo --2019-09-08 16:38:17-- https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo Resolving pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)... 52.202.51.185 Connecting to pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)|52.202.51.185|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 85 Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’ 100%[===========================================================================================================================================================>] 85 --.-K/s in 0s 2019-09-08 16:38:19 (16.4 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’ saved [85/85]
查看一下这个配置文件
cat /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo [jenkins] name=Jenkins-stable baseurl=http://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable gpgcheck=1
导入jenkins密钥
rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io.key
开始安装jenkins
直接使用yum安装
yum install jenkins Loaded plugins: fastestmirror jenkins | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 jenkins/primary_db | 29 kB 00:00:01 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package jenkins.noarch 0:2.176.3-1.1 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: jenkins noarch 2.176.3-1.1 jenkins 74 M Transaction Summary ===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 74 M Installed size: 74 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: jenkins-2.176.3-1.1.noarch.rpm | 74 MB 00:05:11 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : jenkins-2.176.3-1.1.noarch 1/1 Verifying : jenkins-2.176.3-1.1.noarch 1/1 Installed: jenkins.noarch 0:2.176.3-1.1 Complete!
添加jenkins用户
安装时会自动生成jenkins用户，如果没有，新加jenkins用户作为jenkins的系统用户。
useradd jenkins useradd: user 'jenkins' already exists
修改jenkins的系统配置文件
vi /etc/sysconfig/jenkins
修改用户
## Type: string ## Default: "jenkins" ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Unix user account that runs the Jenkins daemon # Be careful when you change this, as you need to update # permissions of $JENKINS_HOME and /var/log/jenkins. # JENKINS_USER="jenkins"
配置jenkins的端口
JENKINS_PORT 默认为8080，服务器8080端口已经被其他应用占用的话可以改为其他端口，例如8181；
## Type: integer(0:65535) ## Default: 8080 ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Port Jenkins is listening on. # Set to -1 to disable # JENKINS_PORT="8080"
启动jenkins服务
systemctl start jenkins jenkins 2453 102 6.7 2274776 68256 ? Ssl 16:56 0:04 /etc/alternatives/java -Dcom.sun.akuma.Daemon=daemonized -Djava.awt.headless=true -DJENKINS_HOME=/var/lib/jenkins -jar /usr/lib/jenk
停止jenkins服务
systemctl stop jenkins
启用jenkins服务
seytemctl enable jenkins
打开网址完成配置
http://IP:8080
如果页面提示：
Please wait while Jenkins is getting ready to work
等待几分钟后，进入了配置页面。如果一直是这个提示的话可能是你的网络连接不上jenkins的服务器无法下载更新软件，那么需要修改配置。
需要你进入jenkins的工作目录：
cd /var/lib/jenkins/ ll total 28 -rw-r--r--. 1 jenkins jenkins 1640 Sep 10 02:11 config.xml -rw-r--r--. 1 jenkins jenkins 156 Sep 10 02:08 hudson.model.UpdateCenter.xml -rw-------. 1 jenkins jenkins 1712 Sep 10 02:08 identity.key.enc -rw-r--r--. 1 jenkins jenkins 7 Sep 10 02:08 jenkins.install.UpgradeWizard.state -rw-r--r--. 1 jenkins jenkins 171 Sep 10 02:08 jenkins.telemetry.Correlator.xml drwxr-xr-x. 2 jenkins jenkins 6 Sep 10 02:08 jobs drwxr-xr-x. 3 jenkins jenkins 19 Sep 10 02:08 logs -rw-r--r--. 1 jenkins jenkins 907 Sep 10 02:08 nodeMonitors.xml drwxr-xr-x. 2 jenkins jenkins 6 Sep 10 02:08 nodes drwxr-xr-x. 2 jenkins jenkins 6 Sep 10 02:08 plugins -rw-r--r--. 1 jenkins jenkins 64 Sep 10 02:08 secret.key -rw-r--r--. 1 jenkins jenkins 0 Sep 10 02:08 secret.key.not-so-secret drwx------. 4 jenkins jenkins 265 Sep 10 02:08 secrets drwxr-xr-x. 2 jenkins jenkins 67 Sep 10 02:12 updates drwxr-xr-x. 2 jenkins jenkins 24 Sep 10 02:08 userContent drwxr-xr-x. 3 jenkins jenkins 56 Sep 10 02:08 users
打开 hudson.model.UpdateCenter.xml 把
http://updates.jenkins-ci.org/update-center.json
改成
http://mirror.xmission.com/jenkins/updates/update-center.json
解锁 Jenkins
为了确保管理员安全地安装 Jenkins，密码已写入到日志中（不知道在哪里？）该文件在服务器上： /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword 请从本地复制密码并粘贴到下面。
提示需要管理员密码，在服务器上执行下面的命令:
cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword 31b0921be8ad4b1ddet740d407a83d9f
将密码粘贴到密码框，点击“继续”。
进入插件安装，先安装社区推荐的插件：
Folders OWASP Markup Formatter Build Timeout Credentials Binding Timestamper Workspace Cleanup Ant Gradle Pipeline GitHub Branch Source Pipeline: GitHub Groovy Libraries Pipeline: Stage View Git Subversion SSH Slaves Matrix Authorization Strategy PAM Authentication LDAP Email Extension Mailer Localization: Chinese (Simplified)
完成后提示创建第一个用户，然后是一个网址配置。
Jenkins URL: http://ip:8080/ Jenkins URL 用于给各种Jenkins资源提供绝对路径链接的根地址。 这意味着对于很多Jenkins特色是需要正确设置的，例如：邮件通知、PR状态更新以及提供给构建步骤的BUILD_URL环境变量。 推荐的默认值显示在尚未保存，如果可能的话这是根据当前请求生成的。 最佳实践是要设置这个值，用户可能会需要用到。这将会避免在分享或者查看链接时的困惑。
到这里，基本上就完成大部分的安装工作了。
结束
jenkins的安装需要注意的问题是jdk，如果服务器上运行了其他的项目需要使用OracleJDK的，那么在这个服务器上安装jenkins是有问题的，jenkins要求OpenJDK。安装社区推荐插件的时候，等待的时间需要很久。
